Globalization: Understanding the World

“The world is being flattened. I didn’t start it and you can’t stop it, except at great cost to human development and your own future.  But we can manage it, for better or worse.” 
Thomas L. Friedman,  author of The World Is Flat



To understand the world a little bit more, this is my current reflection upon globalization, for my global scholars assignment. The first part I wrote while in Italy. The second part is my reflection afterwards.

(See my earlier post here to read about globalization thoughts -- the good, bad, and ugly.)

PART 1: Globalization thoughts while in Italy I'm realizing that globalization is out of the individual's control -- as in, you and me probably can't do much about it. In my experience, on a smaller scale, I do see the toll it takes on local culture and enterprises. In Italy, everything is very regional -- how you speak Italian, the type of bread you eat, the stores you usually go to. But despite all this, I've had times when I'm asking for something in Italian, and I get a response in English. Or when they offer fries with my meal because I'm American.

It's wonderful that they know English and are willing to adapt, but we miss out on authentic opportunities. Our world is working from all of the countries' differences, and now it's becoming flatter. The quote at the beginning of this post is from a book that is quite interesting and practical, and I would recommend it for those interested in seeing the history of how our world has "flattened", so to speak.

PART 2: Thoughts after a month back in America
I realize that when I was in Italy, all I could think was how relevant globalization was. I didn't feel that adjusting culturally was an inconvenience at all, and felt slightly disappointed at how the English language had spread and the immense catering towards tourists and the like. Well, now that I'm back and have almost fully adjusted back to Ohio, all I can think is -- Italy is far from being globalized. So many culture differences still exist, and I see no signs of that changing. Stores being closed from noon till 3. Eating late dinners at 8:30pm and beyond. The constant pasta, pizza, bread, and pastries. The slower pace of life and work. I can't imagine impending changes to all of that yet.

So, to answer the prompt:
My understanding of globalization didn't change when I went abroad, but it changed when I came back to America. 

Intro: Reverse Culture Shock

Heading Home: 
Return. Rediscover. Readjust. 

My journey back seemed uninteresting to me until now. I'll be documenting it with these steps of return, rediscover, and readjust. Not every student will experience this to the same degree, and it doesn't affect everyone. I'm curious to see as to where I'll stand!

1. Return: the re-entry process back to home

The initial shock at this time can refer to the disorientation and perhaps frustration when you realize that 'home' isn't everything you remembered it to be. The basic stages are shock (I don't recognize this place anymore, everyone moves so fast), honeymoon (it's great -- my dog recognizes me, I can have Chipotle again), homelessness (for Italy: missing the interestingness, the independence), making peace (beginning to fall back to routine), and acceptance (being able to compartmentalize the experience in its proper niche). 

2. Rediscover: your own culture

I'll probably view American culture from a new perspective, and the different understanding can cause some minor hiccups. 

So, to you all at home, here's some thoughts you might have (or already have had) about me:
"I can't relate to her perspective. I'm tired of being reminded to 'think globally'."
"She's had the time to travel -- now it's time for her to come back to reality."
"If she mentions how they do things in Italy one more time. . . "
"All she talks about is Italy! I feel like my life is so boring when I hear about her adventures."

How I might be feeling:
"My friends have not matured and changed as much as I have."
"I feel like I am in the middle of nowhere -- really cut off."
"I thought I would be able to pick up where I left off with my friends, but I've had to start over again."
"No one listens to me, or cares about my experience, or how I lived."

Although all of the dialogues above are examples provided by the school, a few are freakishly accurate. I know I've already heard a few similar things from friends, and I've experienced feeling selfish on Skype dates when I'm constantly talking about me, myself, and I in Italy. It helps when I'm receiving updates in return, but I also think the last examples are the most accurate -- about others not wanting to hear and for me, no one wanting to listen. I'm in a constant stage of adjustment.  

3. Readjust: with a plan 

If you're reading my blog, you're already part of my support system for this journey back. To reconnect with you all, I plan on being proactive with setting up coffee/gelato dates with everyone. ;)
For myself, I'll create new opportunities and adventures by reading more (I have a list of books already), getting more involved with my community, painting constantly (while reviving my Etsy shop), exploring local events, somehow maintaining the Italian I've learned, improving my photography, job searching, and cooking Italian food. I'm excited to get back in the field of healthcare and see how my experience here will change the way I interact with patients and view medicine as a whole. 

Although I'm positive I'll pine for Italy like never before, I'm more ready to jump on the next boat, and see where that takes me. 

Though we travel the world over to find the beautiful, we must carry it with us or we find it not. 
Ralph Waldo Emerson 

{a sweet friend acquired on the road}

5 Things I Want To Accomplish in Italy

"Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn't do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines, sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover." - Mark Twain

1. Take the path less traveled (both literally and figuratively).

Make the study abroad experience your own. Don't just do what everyone else does -- tailor it to what you want out of it. Group activities are great, but you have a limited amount of time. Having some degree of vision of why you are here will help direct your choices and how you spend your time. Make wise decisions. Don't be afraid to travel solo. Visit the neighboring smaller towns, and focus on traveling locally to really know Italy.

2. Get involved in the community. Meet the locals.

I didn't anticipate the amount of effort it would take to break out of the "study abroad bubble" -- the comfort zone that has formed with all the other American students. It's easier to want to adjust and find a routine, as well as being around people that speak English, than those who are different from you in culture, lifestyle, and background. Volunteer. Join a choir. Spend more time with your home stay. Go to the local flea market and talk to people. Accidentally go to a church service in Italian. You'll be surprised at all that you learn.

3. Push myself to learn as much Italian as possible.

Especially in Florence, you probably could get by without speaking any more Italian than "ciao" (I only wish I was kidding). It isn't because Italians speak fluent English -- although some do -- but more of the fact that it's easier for us not to try and learn. It's going to take practice and brainpower, and you have to make a conscious effort to speak it. But do so, and you'll be rewarded with appreciative Italians and a better knack for learning new phrases. It also will better enable you to do #1, 2, and 4 on this list.

4. Continue to try new things. Be more outgoing.

Take different routes to school. Discover a new cafe. Go to the chocolate festival on the other side of town. It's natural to want to find a routine, but getting too comfortable will defeat the purpose of studying abroad. Whether it's braving the bus system without knowing what stop you're getting off at, or trying a gelato flavor that sounds atrocious (pistachio, anyone?), you're abroad to try new things. Don't let fear stop you.

5. “Study the science of art. Study the art of science. Develop your senses – especially learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else.” - Leonardo Da Vinci

I spent a pretty insane amount of time in undergrad studying science -- virology, anatomy, microbiology, chemistry, etc. All my jobs were science-related: nursing, teaching health/biology, tutoring chemistry, working in a chemistry lab. I've only taken 4 liberal arts courses: a religion class taught by a Jewish rabbi, a drawing class (from when I thought I would also major in studio art), an English class, and a regional studies on Africa course.

But now I'm here in Italy to play catch up as an artist to match my science-oriented brain. I know about the individuals that dedicated their lives to deciphering DNA, but what about those that spent 27 years on a set of bronze doors for a city? (Lorenzo Ghiberti)
Human abilities and talents vary immensely, and we need to study both the sciences and arts to better understand the world we live in. Florence has a unique history with both foundations.

A fascinating example would be the Black Plague. Many believe it delayed the start of the Renaissance -- which probably would have started in the 1300s with Giotto (the most influential artist at the time, breaking away from the mold and depicting reality more than idealism). But it didn't because of the plague, thus wiping out the population and putting a halt to art development.

Or when painting, how to use colors with our perception of light. The science in colors (black absorbs, how our brain interprets via the rods/cones of the retina) determine how to apply the theory in painting.
It's all related -- you just have to look for it!

Here's to a semester of artistic and scientific insight with some Italian in the middle. I'm looking forward to sharing experiences of the above accomplishments in future posts!

Globalization {the good, bad, & ugly}

"Globalization is much like fire. Fire itself is neither good nor bad. Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, towns and forests in an instant."

What is globalization? 
The integration of economies, societies, and cultures on a global level. Basically, there is a trend toward more unity and a common land rather than differences in cultures and viewpoints. Actually, we're all affected to an extent. The band, One Direction, for example, is reaching an international audience {here's to Leopold and Killian}; you can easily buy foreign foods in your local supermarket; you can watch a foreign video on Youtube. It's a global world, people.

Let's start with the good…
- more opportunities, more choices with available products, along with better quality
- better communication, transportation, and economy
- promotes progressive thinking, increases knowledge & understanding, allows more freedom

In the midst of all this, however…
- increases commercialism (fewer unique, or local items exist: similar clothing styles, music, food - fewer things are unique and it promotes the consumerism, universally)
- ethnic cultures deteriorating (there's less room for this, and also local markets and goods suffer)
- communicable diseases are spread so easily

The scary & ugly potential
- inadvertently assisting global terrorism: now that people, materials, food, etc are able to travel more freely… so are terrorists. 9/11 is a painful example of this.
- people in developed nations suffer (outsourcing jobs to China & India, many have complained about customer service or the cheap labor, or the "quality" of products)
- possibly supporting child labor and slavery (less regulation is possible and accountability - bribery, etc.)

It's a lot more complicated than I expected. Something to consider, because globalization isn't just a fleeting trend, but it's where our world's progressing to.

Current Issue in Globalization & Multinational Organizations

For this assignment, I read an article about an international parental-child abduction. These two boys traveled with their father to Moscow for an agreed-upon two weeks. The father sent an email to the mother (who resides here in the U.S.) saying that they wouldn't be coming back and would live in Moscow. The mother has custody of them, and it took a year for her to win custody by the Moscow courts.

The background: the mother, an American citizen, married a man with both German and Russian citizenship. Six years later, they had moved to London, then gotten divorced. However, Russia does not consider international parental child abductions a crime…

You can read the whole article here.

There has been an 88% rise in these abductions in the last decade.

It's interesting to consider this view because most of the time, when we hear the word globalization, we think of all the positives. About how great it is to be more unified and in touch with other cultures. But it's definitely seemed to cause more than one mess, too, and we need to work on those policies on a global level, too.

Multinational Organizations

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the largest, private foundation in the world. Their main mission is to reduce poverty, better healthcare, and increase education opportunities in America. Here are some quotes that accurately sum up their goals:

"WHATEVER THE CONDITIONS OF PEOPLE’S LIVES, WHEREVER THEY LIVE, HOWEVER THEY LIVE, WE ALL SHARE THE SAME DREAMS. 

We seek to unlock the possibility inside every individual.

We see equal value in all lives. And so we are dedicated to improving the quality of life for individuals around the world. From the education of students in Chicago, to the health of a young mother in Nigeria, we are catalysts of human promise everywhere."

The CARE foundation is another leading humanitarian organization. They mainly want to fight global poverty by delivering relief in disasters and promoting social justice globally. 

Many multinational organizations have similar, if not overlapping, goals and missions. They all seem to have a slightly different emphases but similar work that they are doing. Global outreach efforts have been increasing over the years and on the side, contributing to the trend of globalization.

Test Your Knowledge About the U.S.

For one of my assignments, I had to take a short quiz on some "U.S. Basics." Just to see how much you know about your own country before trying to attempt and assimilate to another. It was a great variety, such as life expectancy, the predominant languages spoken, the major ethnic group. I did find it slightly difficult in that the answers were based off of the year 2008. C'mon, now. I think that's just a tad outdated -- lots can change in 6 years.

I missed the question about the literacy rate for Americans over the age of 15: I guessed 86%, when the answer was 99%. That's awful high, and I'm glad it was higher than I expected. If literacy refers to being able to read (understand written communication to an extent), then that makes sense. In my mind, I expect literacy to be a higher standard - writing proper sentences, being able to spell decently. That may have thrown me off.

The U.S. unemployment rate is also a shaky one. I guessed 5%, but I suppose it was 8% in Dec of 2008. That's something that's always fluctuating, I feel. What percentage lives below the poverty line? Correct answer: 13% (I guessed 20%). I'm seeing a trend in which I'm kind of undermining the state of America… also manifested when I guessed 53% used the Internet, when in truth it's 70%.

Also, the largest ethnic minority group is now no longer blacks, as it was for many years in our history. We have a burgeoning population of Hispanics that is continuing to increase.

Anyway, fun facts! Always important to know your own country.
Some ones you should know:
We don't have an official language. Slavery ended in 1865 (not that long ago..). We have the following territories: Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands. And we are only 5% of the world's population.

The Wealthy American

Globally speaking, the U.S. has amassed quite a reputation and stereotype in the world. Some students who have studied abroad shared their experiences of discrimination from being an American. A common one is the "wealthy American" -- no thanks to famous celebrities and athletes.

To dispel such stereotypes, simply explain your socio-economic situation. I don't blame anyone for assuming that a student studying abroad has money, because travel costs do add up and it's natural to assume with the wealthy stereotype portrayed in the media. I'm not going to deny that we probably have it easier than other students from other countries -- it's fairly easy to get a job, save up money, and still get a job upon coming back.

My side of the story: I'll get into the finances deeper in another post after my program, so I can really break it down for everyone. But generally, I do consider myself your average, comfortable middle-class American -- doesn't everyone consider themselves middle-class?? Anyway, I've been lucky enough the last 2 years to have held down multiple jobs. For many college students, it isn't difficult getting A job; the problem lies in getting a job you want, that pays enough. It's common to find students working full-time, and if you truly wanted, while taking classes full-time. Many young people in other countries aren't even able to find jobs. The other portion of my trip is funded from 3 different scholarships I've applied for, and the rest is from saving up.

So yes, as Americans, we are better off than most, but to be completely honest, few are as well off as the media portrays. As a side note, though… I personally feel that many, many study abroad students do come from a wealthier background and are able to afford it with the help of their parents. So perhaps the stereotype is not completely unfounded… I hope to share my experiences and will report back on what I observe in other American students!

Culture Report on Italy

[Source 1, Source 2]

Culture refers to a variety of aspect: family, community, celebrations, as well as other more subtle factors. Italians are very family-oriented and form bonds easily.

The arts have always been significant and influential in Italian culture – hence, why I am studying abroad here. The country has a preoccupation with painting, sculpture, and especially architecture. The emphasis on art extends to fashion, which is a key aspect of Italian culture – especially in the upper class. In hearing about others’ experiences, how you dress can really make a difference in how you are treated in public. I think this is true all around, wherever you may be. In terms of food, some common dishes are pasta, pizza, tiramisu, and gelato. Italy is also one of the world’s largest producers of wine and coffee.

In regards to food culture, Italians do not emphasize breakfast as the biggest meal of the day. Usually a croissant and an espresso is sufficient. Meals are consisted of starters (antipasto), pasta or rice dish (primo) and then the main meal (secondo). Following that are cheese and breads. Last is a dessert (dolce) and an espresso. Italians generally do eat lunch later (1pm) as well as dinner (8-9pm).

The Italian government has a tumultuous history, so in everyday life, Italians usually may complain about the government or work around it to achieve personal goals. Sound familiar? :)

About 40% of Italians are practicing Catholics, but 85% of religious Italians are classified as Catholic. Apparently, it is the dominant religion, but culturally, not everyone is actively practicing as one – ie. going to church, etc.

The majority of people are ethnically Italian, but other groups include French-Italian and Slovene-Italians in the north, while Albanian-Italian and Greek-Italians in the south. Although different dialects are used, the official language is Italian, which is taught in schools and used by the government. Most people are loyal to their town and “geographic expression”, rather than national pride for their country. The strongest ties are familial.

Italy does have a high unemployment rate, so a noticeable gap exists between the wealthy and the poor. Immigrants are usually from poorer countries, and social boundaries are evident. Education is indicated through speech (close to the national language versus a dialect), in addition to the way one dresses and what kind of meat one eats.

Italians do not have much respect for lines, so usually push their way to the front – this is probably very different from American culture. Although in some aspects we are considered rude, in public settings we do respect lines. It’s quite interesting how many different perspectives can exist. Because America is pretty much a melting pot comparatively to other countries, similarities can always be found.

I’m thinking about it like a Rubik’s cube – merely depending on the angle and the way we organize our perspective and colors, different facets reveal themselves from the same components of every culture.

Why Learn a Language? & Resources

Here are the most important reasons (in my opinion) that motivate me to learn another language:

Study abroad & travel - The more Italian I know, the better I can 'get by'. i.e. ordering food, asking for directions, finding my way around, and even more so, having interesting conversations with people! Language will deepen your understanding and assimilation into another culture.

Challenging myself - As I mentioned before in my Global Scholars post, I took classes in Spanish and German for 4 years (2 years per language). Much of it, however, was the book learning: grammar, writing, reading. I always felt that conversational speaking was my weakest point. No kidding, when everyone else in the class is speaking English… It'll be fun to see a different approach - the speaking before the book learning!

Other tidbits - Apparently learning a second language keeps your mind healthy, in terms of preventing the onset of dementia. I'm not sure if this is scientifically proven, but it's still a great thing to try your brain with.

Here's a list of helpful resources for the beginner -- those of you in the same boat as me, without any background in Italian.

*Italian General Practice 
This link has a plethora of sites that are great for starting out. Basic phrases, vocabulary, and alphabet pronunciations. I like how there's different angles provided: Italian literature, radio stations, verbs. There's something here for every learner.

*Italian Tutorials Index
This one in particular seems great - it's structured into advancing lessons, beginning with basic phrases about weather and days of the year, and progresses into possessive pronouns and phrases used in a hotel or bank.

*Everything Italian
Such a cute, fun site! Everything Italian can be found here: maps, geography, travel tips, grammar aids, recipes, and games for learning Italian. Who doesn't like games?? Learning a language isn't simply about memorization, but immersing yourself in all things Italian can help you pick it up faster than you would staring into a dictionary.

Evaluate a cultural incident.

You teach in a rural area and often eat at a local tea shop, run by a low-caste family with whom you are very friendly. Today, your headmaster advised you to stop eating there. He says it hurts your social standing and indirectly hurts the reputation of his school for you to be seen so often in the company of untouchables. What do you do?

[No, don't make this face to them.]

Describe: The headmaster gave some social and professional advice. He explains that being seen with a low-caste family would lower your social status and may even hurt the school's reputation.

Interpret: Social status may be of high importance in this culture, and especially in a rural area where many traditional views still exist. The headmaster may think that you are unaware of this and is trying to provide friendly advice. However, as Americans, we (ideally) look down on such class distinctions. Most people like to consider themselves middle class.

Evaluate: At first it would be easy to react negatively, but understanding the rationale behind the advice will help with perspective. Perhaps a compromise can be reached - it appeared more to be about cultural norms: reputation and social standing, which every country has to some degree.

Right now, it's rather difficult to predict what problems I'll run into in Italy. There aren't any glaring culture differences that I anticipate to be more difficult to adjust to. Before going, though, it's definitely better to have an idea of societal norms and specific differences in lifestyle and personality. For example, I've heard Italians eat dinner very late - often at 9pm. That's something I'll need to adjust to! Also, some things that we might consider rude (ie. cutting in line, not allowing as much personal space in public) may be normal over there. In terms of change, I think everything in my everyday life will be different! I'll just have to adjust :)

Qualities that would be helpful in adjusting: staying open-minded, look for an explanation before making judgments, realize that what we see as differences is 'normal' to them.

Positive aspects of Italian culture: taking each day slower. Taking the time to appreciate and enjoy life and not staying busy all the time! The whole atmosphere of art and history will compensate for anything I can think of so far…

Discrimination Overseas

Source
The Global Scholars module wanted to stress the concept of racism or discrimination abroad. I'm sure everyone has experienced some extent of this, but it's nice to be prepared for what to expect.

They said that through experience, it seemed that more discrimination incidents occurred to students who were not white - Hispanic, black, Asian, etc. I wonder if this is naturally the case, however. Like anyone who is foreign and looks especially different is treated differently?

From what research I've done, it looks like racism and discrimination abroad can really vary. In London, for example, one student noted that interracial dating was much more common than in the U.S. I mean, racism exists globally, not just in in America, but I expect (having often been a minority race in situations) that curiosity will ensue, more than anything, and I will have to answer more questions about my race.

Since I probably don't fit the physical description -- being Asian in Italy… probably not the majority. Observing their reactions, if any, to my race will reveal how accustomed Florentines are to different races. I'm interested in finding out firsthand! :)

Prep: Italian Culture & Etiquette [Prepare for Culture Shock]

The world was my oyster but I used the wrong fork. - Oscar Wilde
Let's start with some cultural etiquette from Italy. Here's some interesting ones:

When being introduced and shaking hands, women generally extend their hand first to men
Maintain eye contact while talking
Friends usually greet each other with a kiss on both cheeks

Source: eDiplomat

The following 3 topics seem to be the most specific to Italian culture.

Italian Style

Italians value appearance and the way you dress.
How you dress indicates your social status, your family's background, and your education level. 
A highly valued concept is called "bella figura", which means good image.
Bella figura refers not only to dressing well, but the aura being projected: confidence, style, and demeanor.
First impressions are made immediately, drawn from fashion and appearance.

Gift Giving

An emphasis on quality rather than quantity is best for gifts, especially wine.
Do not wrap gifts in black (it represents mourning) or purple (bad luck).
Gifts are usually opened when received.

Dining Etiquette

Never keep your hands in your lap during the meal.
Pick up cheese with your knife rather than your fingers.
If you do not want more wine, leave your wine glass nearly full.
Ask for your check when finished eating - it may not be brought until you ask for it.

Animated Hands [Nonverbal communication]

Been reading up on different ways that Italians communicate. 
A huge one in difference seems to be the gesturing. In fact, they have a term for it: gesticulate. 
[They don't just "gesture" - they gesticulate.]

Here's an interesting article from the NY Times: When Italians Chat, Hands and Fingers Do The Talking

It's in their blood. So cultural, in fact, that they think we Americans are ridiculous in conversing without gesturing. 
[“You mean Americans don’t gesture? They talk like this?” asked Pasquale Guarrancino, a Roman taxi driver, freezing up and placing his arms flat against his sides.]

Speaking with their hands appears to be a strong method of communication - unique to Italy. I think this  is such a neat way to have expressive conversations to better get your point across, especially when miscommunication happens so often! 

Maybe I'll be picking up some of this habit. . .

U.S. Issues

Educational achievement

When it comes to elementary and high school education, the United States is not up to par to other nations. In terms of our international standing when it comes to other things, our education system falls extremely behind, especially in the sciences and math. Education here is a deep, complex hole. School officials have tried different things - starting school at later times, having a longer school year, etc. But I feel those are temporary solutions. We need a national standard, where we have GREAT teachers. Finland ranks at the top -- teachers are looked at as on the same level with doctors and lawyers. They require a master's degree, paid for by the government, and only the best of the best are able to land such a prestigious career. Not trying to put our country down, but studies have shown that students landing in the bottom 25% of college GPA's end up in the public education field. What does that say?

Economic issues

The current economic climate is not pretty here. Although it sometimes seems "easy" to ignore, we have moved to a second-class country, even if our mentality hasn't moved there yet. Our economy is no longer self-sufficient. Sometimes it seems like nothing has changed - the neighbors are still going on their cruises, and friends are remodeling their homes. In fact, American just spent an insane amount of money this Christmas season. But consider: many are not able to retire at 65 anymore. Stay-at-home moms are becoming rarer. The bleak job market for new college grads. Plus, we're not really getting any healthier despite our medical advances… Unless major changes happen, I feel like our economy is steadily declining.

Gender Issues

In the U.S., women are treated more equally than in other countries, comparatively. Not completely equal, but at least the differences are subtle. (For example, no law forcing that women must be paid a certain amount less than men, etc.) Salary discrepancies still exist, but I'd like to think that the gaps are being bridged. Women surpass men in college and in medical schools, so hopefully trends will lean towards equality. However, I've read that in many other countries, they consider our women quite liberated and equal, so we're at least ahead of the game in this aspect.

Health Issues

Number one killer is heart disease. Then cancer, stroke, respiratory diseases. We need to decrease the sodium and fat intake, but I think culturally, our food is just.. unhealthy. Is it sad? The articles I read all repeatedly emphasized: stop smoking, eat healthy, exercise, maintain a normal weight. Honestly, the majority are pretty controllable. Our health issues will have to be solved on our own, I think. Although I've heard of some companies implementing higher salaries for those with a healthy BMI, or hospitals that won't hire smokers. We're getting there, slowly but surely.

Human Rights

On the outside, it appears that all citizens are treated equally (legally, from day-to-day). However, I disagree on this being reality. Our government holds to double standards, and our leaders have proven to prioritize their own interests over the country's. In terms of respect for human rights, the death penalty is often criticized, in addition to the innocents that are killed. I can't help but insert my opinion here: if a human found it their right to take away someone else's life, why should they be granted the same mercy? It's irreparable damage. Police brutality has been known to be a problem, as well as hazardous working environments and ill-treatment in prisons.

One's destination is never a place...[Culture-learning strategies]

This post is about suggested strategies for understanding culturally different surroundings.

(in order of how likely I am to use them)

1. *Consider ways that different cultures might view things in different ways (e.g., how different cultures value alone time or independence).
2. *Look at similarities as well as differences between people of different backgrounds.
3. Make distinctions between behavior that is personal (unique to the person), cultural (representative of the person's culture), and universal (a shared human concern).
4. Think about different cross-cultural perspectives to examine situations in which I seem to offend someone or do something wrong.
5. Figure out what cultural values might be involved when I encounter a conflict or something goes wrong.
6. Use generalizations instead of stereotypes when I make statements about people who are different from me.
7. Counter stereotypes others use about people from my country by using generalizations and cultural values instead.

* 1. In the case of living and studying abroad, I think this one is the most practical! Lifestyles vary greatly amongst people and countries, so I anticipate this one having the most impact and requiring my adjustment on my part.

*2. I think this one is easily ignored -- it is SO much easier to notice the differences, but it's still important to point out similarities. We should never assume similarities, but take note of them. I think doing this will hopefully lessen the culture shock.

How Geography Affects You

Geography doesn't merely refer to location -- it also includes demographics, economic issues, environment, and most importantly, shapes culture. The United States is pretty large, comparatively, and unless you live in Alaska or Hawaii (or another territory, such as Puerto Rico), you're pretty linked to the rest of the country. Doesn't take much driving to get to the nearest neighboring state. This probably has contributed to our country's drive toward unity and self-sufficienty. It would be quite different for say, Switzerland, for example, surrounded my more countries than simply one above it and another below it. 

The U.S. is also quite variable in climate, so in terms of appropriate clothing for the weather, different levels of dress can exist. Comparatively, smaller countries might appear to have a stricter protocol with dress, if weather is more predictable. The location of a country can also indicate its demographics. The largest ethnic minority (Hispanic) is probably so due to Mexico bordering us on the south. All of these things will cause us to view this as "normal" -- until we see otherwise.

Identity & Gender Roles in Italy

3 Identities for me: Asian, Christian, Woman

Identity is what us who we are. It's how others see us, how we view ourselves, how we fit into society's demographics. Being a woman is more than just happening to be born female. It's how society looks at us - our salary potential, our ability to travel independently, right down to the Disney princess we should dress up as for Halloween.

Introspectively, my identity as a Christian would be the strongest. I'm really curious to find out what Italians' attitudes are towards God and Christianity, and how that influences their culture! Being an Asian American has made me more aware of different cultures and diversity as I was growing up. It's put me in situations that make me reconsider the correctness of affirmative action. I think our identities expand as we continue on in life. Things we experience add on to shape us and determine who we are as a person.

In a study abroad context in Italy, I think identities continue to develop and we get a greater sense of who we are in this great big world. 

Steps I plan on taking to minimize culture shock:

1. Discomfort or stress is natural when experiencing a different culture.
2. Look for reasons behind the culture patterns -- how does the pattern fit into their culture?
3. Be flexible -- adapt easily to new norms and changes.
4. Travel in the spirit of humility -- you are a guest in their country.
5. Observe and reflect on your experiences for greater understanding.

Food for thought - will those who have grown up exposed to different cultures (like me, being an Asian American) experience culture shock differently? Or cope better?

{For women traveling to Italy…

Europe in general appears to be more conservative and less casual in their dress. When visiting churches especially, women should not wear strapless tops or skirts/shorts above the knee. Italians also do not wear sneakers as much as we do -- not surprisingly, considering their cultural emphasis on fashion.

Gender roles still seem to be traditionally grounded. Unwritten rules about gender roles are important to note - direct eye contact or a smile is usually interpreted as more than just being friendly and as an open invitation. Americans tend to be more bold in our behavior -- I mean, we did have the feminist movement. In general, flirtation is interpreted much more easily in Italy than it would be here.

Some tips and differences for women would be to act confidently and behave like the native women. Coming across as a foreigner or tourist might automatically bring a different attitude altogether.}

Culture as an Iceberg?

So, this is such a typical Jennifer-move. I'm going through these online modules for my program, right? And there's a lot of them. My brain subconsciously estimated 50 hours worth of work… And then I somehow stumble upon the fact that we're actually not supposed to do ALL of them - only a selected few. So that global scholars intro post I have here? Yep. Didn't have to do that. 

An exercise I did compared culture to an iceberg. Aspects of culture that you can observe and see (most obviously) are on the surface of the iceberg and the less obvious aspects below the surface. 

Well, most of them were pretty self-explanatory. Annnnd maybe a little obvious. I mean, music? Facial expressions? Clearly different throughout the world. 

But some I think I will have to take some extra consideration. Childraising beliefs? Definitely variable even here in U.S. already. But I always figured concept of fairness to be pretty universal - but it's not. Or even the nature of friendship, values, or even the importance of time. I've been warned that Italians do things a little slower; we like to stay busy and rush everything here.

We shall see! Excited to keep everyone updated. :)

Top Ten Reasons to Study Abroad

1. Studying abroad is a life-altering experience!

I mean, when else will you have the chance to go live in another country for 4 months, no strings attached?!? (Okay, so maybe there are some strings attached, like money… but in terms of life attachments.) No work commitments, taking vacation days, having a family to consider, not bound to the work force…  yet. The most difficult part is making it feasible financially.

2. Learn about yourself and gain independence. 

Studying abroad is a chance to challenge yourself with situations that will test your abilities to adapt and learn. I'm a little nervous about sharing crazy and embarrassing stories that I'm sure will come along! I've always considered myself independent, having moved many, many times, but I'm sure being in a foreign country will still be a learning experience for me!

3. Gain perspective on another country & culture.

Studying abroad is a chance to step outside of the ordinary and experience a culture completely different from your own. We make so many assumptions from our day to day culture, and it's easy to fall into the trap that the "American way" is the "right" way. Now I'll get to see more complexities. 

4. Learn the language!

Although I've studied Spanish and German "by the books", I've always had difficulty communicating with a native speaker -- despite all my practice. The only way to truly become fluent in a language is to be immersed in it. I've heard Italian is similar to Spanish, so my goal is to be able to speak decent Italian. 

5. Broaden your education.

 In today's global economy, study abroad can be a vital element in a college education. Although I am a science major, I am studying painting and Italian in Italy. I'd like to be open minded and more strongly equipped with a mind that can combine both the arts with the sciences.

6. Programs work with any academic program.

There are SO many different study abroad program choices, not to mention exchange programs. If you really have the heart to go abroad, it is definitely feasible if you do your research! Common obstacles usually are financial or graduating on time. I'll share my experience and touch on both of these later!

7. Experience unique academic structures.

Do your biology research in Costa Rica or a business internship for a Japanese railroad company; intern with the British Parliament, or design your own academic fieldwork project in the country of your choice. I believe different academic settings can stimulate learning growth better - in Florence, I will be out doing field studies for painting and taking trips to museums in the city as part of the class!

8. See the world (or at least a part of it).

While in Italy, I plan to do some traveling both within the country and also to neighboring ones, such as Switzerland and France. The opportunities are endless!

9. Make connections that can last a lifetime.

This one is important to me. There's value in knowing people that are completely different from you in personality, background, and life values. The college I attend attracts a pretty homogenous population - white, from more small towns or rural areas of Ohio. Let's just say there's a proper way to say "deer huntin' " - pronounced without the 'g'. :)

10. International travel and study are fun and exciting.

Probably scary too.. But still a unique experience to be taken advantage of if possible!

Global Scholars Intro

Oh, the craziness of having a blog. Just to establish myself – first things first. I am studying abroad in Florence, Italy in the spring of 2014 – Jan. 16 to May 9, to be exact with the program AIFS. I’ve decided to partake in their Global Leader Certificate program, and hence the impetus of this blog.

First task – to answer a few questions for the first entry.

Profile Information

I’ve never lived abroad, really. But traveling — let’s see: over the years, I’ve done a few jaunts here and there.

• Canada (around Vancouver)
• Mexico (drove south past Tijuano into Baja California; Cancun)
• Just about the whole island of Puerto Rico – I would LOVE to go back! 
• Taiwan (once when I was 3) and over a summer when I was 14 to visit family. Yes, both my parents immigrated from Taiwan a little over 20 years ago.
• Belgium & Germany (over spring break during freshman year of college)

I will graduate in May with my undergraduate degree in Biology (or Biological Sciences, to be precise, or if I want to sound slightly pretentious…).

I’m currently a senior at Wright State University in the small-ish city of Dayton, OH. 

In the 8th and 9th grade, I learned some Spanish. In the 10th and 11th grade, I switched over to German. My background has enabled me to know a little Mandarin – as in, I can understand the gist of what you’re saying and can probably communicate understandably if placed in a situation of dire need, but I’m far from fluent. 

I’d like to think I have some foreign language learning skills by this point!

My fears and concerns about studying abroad? 

• Not making the most of my time there – finding the right balance between traveling, studying, blogging, taking pictures, etc.
• Being comfortable living as a Florentine
• Not gaining the vision I’m looking for – why the Renaissance was able to flourish there and how science and art can work together

“Study the science of art. Study the art of science. Develop your senses – especially learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else.” – Leonardo Da Vinci